This lecture analyses the complex process of state reform in Belgium. Particular attention is paid to the major historical driving forces behind federalization, the functioning of the Belgian system, and ongoing debates on its future.

Why was the unitary state abolished? Why was it replaced by a system of three regions and three communities? How did party politics affect the linguistic/community conflict, and vice versa? Which alternative models are on the table? And what strengthens or weakens Belgium’s chances of survival?